第三流派 Third Stream
曲风介绍
第三流派爵士乐这个说法是1957年由作曲家冈瑟．舒勒最先提出的。这种称呼的意义主要是指这种风格的爵士乐是爵士乐和古典音乐的混合体，是这两种重要的音乐形式之外的一种音乐。这种风格的最大的特点是将爵士乐和古典音乐成功地融合在一起，在演奏中大量地采用弦乐并减低了独奏在爵士乐中的重要地位。这并非是冈瑟．舒勒的独创，早在二十年代，著名的音乐指挥和作曲家保罗．惠特曼就曾尝试在古典爵士乐的独奏和管弦乐队的弦乐部分之间找到结合点。正像他所说，他想在“爵士乐中制造出二位贵妇人”。在四十年代时，弦乐的使用已经出现在爵士乐队的演奏中，如阿蒂．肖和斯坦．肯顿都曾进行过这类尝试。但是在所有的这些尝试中，弦乐似乎总是处于一个被动的地位，音乐家总是依照自己面前的乐谱演奏或是充当伴奏的角色。
从1949年起，Charlie Parker在自己的录音中加入了弦乐部的演奏。大约是在五十年代的中后期，更为严肃的实践才大量出现，舒勒，约翰．刘易斯和比尔．罗素是主要的作曲家，他们试图在古典音乐和爵士乐之间寻求沟通。在五十年代中期，大部分音乐预言家们都相信爵士乐的下一个发展阶段必然是一种与古典音乐的融合的形式。但是由于前卫派爵士乐的兴起，第三流派爵士乐运动宣告结束。最终这种风格只是在学院派预音乐家圈子里才能找到一些痕迹。
Third stream is a term coined by composer Gunther Schuller to desribe music that attempts to mix jazz with classical concert hall music. Jazz caught the ear of many composers in the early 20th century and soon Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky and others began to put elements of American ragtime into their music. French composer Darius Milhaud furthered these experiments that culminated in George Gershwin's 'Blue Monday' and 'Rhapsody in Blue', two pieces which represented some of the first truly successful fusions of jazz and concert hall music.
From the jazz side of things, early attempts at classical influence came from Duke Ellington, Artie Shaw, Woody Herman, Bix Beiderbecke, James P. Johnson and others. Gunther Schuller and John Lewis' 'Third Stream Music', which combined a string quartet with a cool jazz combo, was one of the first entirely successful concert hall pieces by a jazz composer.
In today's music world, Third Stream often refers to compositions that have some element of jazz. At JMA, the Third Stream genre is also where you will find jazz or jazz related music that relies on composition more than improvisation.
Improvisation is generally seen as a vital component of Third Stream. In 1961, Schuller defined Third Stream as "a new genre of music located about halfway between jazz and classical music".
最热歌曲 更多
| # | 歌曲 | 艺人 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Canon in D Major | Jacques Loussier | 03:39 |
| 02 | Nympheas: I. Allegro | Jacques Loussier Trio | 06:11 |
| 03 | Sonata No. 33 in B Minor | Jacques Loussier | 04:55 |
| 04 | La Sonnerie de Sainte-Geneviève du Mont | Jacques Loussier | 05:38 |
| 05 | A Grand Night for Swinging | Mary Lou Williams | 02:52 |
