Clara Schumann

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风格: #西方古典　#器乐独奏　#浪漫主义
地区: Germany 德国

艺人介绍

克拉拉·舒曼（德语：Clara Schumann，1819年9月13日－1896年5月20日）为著名德国钢琴家与作曲家罗伯特·舒曼之妻，也是浪漫主义最重要的钢琴师之一。

克拉拉从小便接受父亲佛列德‧维克的严格训练，并遗传自母亲玛丽安娜的钢琴才华，12岁便在布商大厦以“音乐神童”之姿首次公开演奏，之后就以天才少女钢琴家扬名于音乐界了。

克拉拉精湛的钢琴弹奏技巧，除了在少女时代接受指导，并奠定良好的基础之外，还经历了非常专业的训练。1829年，她在帕格尼尼面前演奏自己的作品波兰舞曲。1830年，她和父亲前往德累斯顿展开巡回演奏。1831年9月，克拉拉·舒曼前往德国各地及巴黎进行巡回演出，并在威麦尔为哥德演奏而获赠青铜牌。

克拉拉在21岁嫁给30岁的舒曼，婚后生活虽然充实却很辛苦。她在16年之间生了8个孩子，还要照顾患病丈夫，再加上经济困难，1844年不得不再重新开始在俄国圣彼得堡巡回演奏以维持家计。这时舒曼因为精神衰弱问题而无法继续工作，于是他们全家迁至莱茵河畔的杜塞尔多夫。不久，20岁的布拉姆斯登门求教，三人深厚的友谊从此扎根。舒曼曾称赞布拉姆斯为“贝多芬再世”，后来布拉姆斯也不负舒曼的期望成为浪漫乐派的巨星。布拉姆斯一直到去世前，一有新作完成，就会先请克拉拉批评指教。

舒曼在克拉拉37岁逝世。期间仍有孩子生病和死亡。幸好布拉姆斯及小提琴手尤阿席姆等人支持她，布拉姆斯担心克拉拉的风湿病情，曾劝她停止奔波的演奏生涯，但克拉拉却因此受到伤害，并寄了一封信给布拉姆斯：“我一停止演奏，心情就会变得非常不好。对我来说，钢琴演奏等于是我的生命。”虽然有许多传说，中伤布拉姆斯和克拉拉之间的种种，但他们周遭的朋友都认为他们只是因音乐结缘的好朋友。1857年1月，她在舒曼死后首次在布商大厦举行演奏。

1878年，她开始在法兰克福音乐学院教授钢琴，10月举行音乐生涯的50周年纪念演奏会。克拉拉·舒曼在1896年因心脏病发而去世。

Clara Schumann (née Clara Josephine Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era. She exerted her influence over a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital and the tastes of the listening public. Her husband was the composer Robert Schumann. She and her husband encouraged Johannes Brahms, and she was the first pianist to give public performances of some of Brahms' works, notably the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel.

Although for many years after her death Clara Schumann was not widely recognized as a composer, as a pianist she made an impression which lasts until today. She was one of the first pianists to perform from memory, making that the standard for concertizing. Trained by her father to play by ear and to memorize, she gave public performances from memory as early as age thirteen, a fact noted as something exceptional by her reviewers.[8]

She was also instrumental in changing the kind of programs expected of concert pianists. In her early career, before her marriage to Robert, she played what was then customary, mainly bravura pieces designed to showcase the artist's technique, often in the form of arrangements or variations on popular themes from operas, written by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt. And, as it was also customary to play one's own compositions, she included at least one of her own works in every program, works such as her Variations on a Theme by Bellini (Op. 8) and her popular Scherzo (Op. 10). However, after settling into married life, probably under the influence of Robert, her performances focused almost exclusively on more serious music by Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Chopin, and Schumann.[9]

Clara Schumann's influence also spread through her teaching, which emphasized a singing tone and expression, with technique entirely subordinated to the intentions of the composer. One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching to England where she taught, among others, Solomon; while another of her students, Carl Friedberg, carried the tradition to the Juilliard School in America, where his students included Malcolm Frager and Bruce Hungerford.[10]

Clara was also instrumental in getting the works of Robert Schumann recognized, appreciated and added to the repertoire. She promoted him tirelessly, beginning when his music was unknown or disliked, when the only other important figure in music to play Schumann occasionally was Liszt, and continuing until the end of her long career.

Clara Schumann　克拉拉·舒曼

艺人介绍

最新简评（共10条）

Clara Schumann 克拉拉·舒曼

艺人介绍

最新简评（共10条）

Clara Schumann　克拉拉·舒曼