B.B. King

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风格: #灵魂布鲁斯　#布鲁斯摇滚
地区: United States of America 美国

艺人介绍

小档案

外文名 Riley B. King

别名 B.B.King

国籍美国

出生日期 1925年9月16日

逝世日期 2015年5月14日

职业美国歌手、作曲家

活跃年代 1948至2015

艺人资料

B.B.King，美国歌手，吉他演奏家，作曲家，BLUES王国的主宰。他可以在任何地方录音，作品既有纯布鲁斯的，也有乡村音乐风格的，还有流行和摇滚的，但每一种形式中都夹杂着布鲁斯的成分。他当过电台节目主持人。北京时间2015年5月14日，在美国拉斯维加斯去世，享年八十九岁。

个人经历

1925年9月16日，B.B.King生于密西西比三角洲的伊塔比纳（Itta Bena），原名 Riley B. King。父亲给他留下了一个有帝王之音的姓氏--King，但儿时的King却流离于母亲与祖母之间，生活艰辛。少年时代，和他的父母一样，King首先成了一个佃农，并在教堂学习唱诗。因为，King的母亲和外婆都是异常虔诚的信徒，King的演唱风格在教众的影响下逐渐形成他日后那种充满力量的、魅力超凡的音色，而传教士用吉他作为伴奏乐器也使得还是佃农的King为之着迷。于是，不久以后，这个传教士便开始教King弹E、A、B三个和弦。

密西西比三角洲的佃农生活和教堂的音乐教育使King 沉浸于乡村音乐与福音音乐之中，他先后组建和参加了两三个福音演唱组，通常他们在教堂里演唱，但偶尔也会有机会在密西西比格林沃德（Green word）的WGRM广播电台做现场表演。在演唱的时候，Riley会加上一把吉他。不过，每逢星期六晚上，King都会在印地亚诺拉（Indianola）的街头玩布鲁斯。对他来说，布鲁斯音乐并不新鲜，他的表亲Bukka White就是孟菲斯有名的布鲁斯乐手，在他们还住在一个地方的时候，Bukka不时会来探望King。

1946年夏天，King第一次来到了孟菲斯，在那里的比利街（Beal Street）他找到了Bukka White，Bukka收留了他。在其后的10个月里，Bukka教了这个热忱的密西西比青年演奏布鲁斯的一些技巧。在孟菲斯，King的天才得到了发掘，他从与其他孟菲斯布鲁斯乐手的即兴合奏中学到了不少东西，而Bukka也将一切能使King成为一位成功布鲁斯乐手的东西都教给了他：从怎么样抱吉他到如何组织歌词。更重要的是，King从Bukka身上感受到一种对音乐的执着。缺了这一点，可能就不会有今天的B.B.King了。

回家后没过多久，King 就决定再次向孟菲斯出发--毕竟种植谷物的佃农生活和King的音乐天赋的确相差甚远。1948 年底，King重返孟菲斯，随即开始了他的职业音乐生涯。当时，孟菲斯有一家成立仅一年多的广播电台--WDIA memphis，这是美国南方第一家从员工到管理者都是黑人的无线电台，电台雇佣King做了节目主持人，每次他们给King十分钟的时间。在这段时间内，King可以弹吉他或唱任何东西，只要他能宣传一种新的汤料Pepticon。于是，凭着自己的独特音乐，King很快就成了有名的“Pepticon小子”。由于他大受欢迎，电台对他的节目更加用心，并把他当作DJ来包装。King在他的新节目“Sepia Swing Club（乌贼摇摆俱乐部）”中，播放黑人乐手的录音并接受听众的点播演奏吉他或演唱。作为一名DJ，他需要一个艺名，一开头叫“Beal Street Boy（比利街布鲁斯小子）”，后来他改名为“Blues Boy King（布鲁斯小子•金）”。最后，这个名字被简缩为闻名于世的“B.B.King”。在WDIA当DJ的几年（1948年～1952年）里，King为Bullet Recording（子弹录音公司）和RMP录制了多支单曲，其中包括一首为妻子所做的《Miss Martha King》。

1950年圣诞节之后几天，B.B.King为RMP录制的第17首单曲《Three O'Clock Blues》（三点钟布鲁斯）打上了Billboard（“公告牌”榜）的R&B（节奏与布鲁斯）唱片榜。1951年元旦过后，这首歌登上榜首并保持了15周之久。由此，B.B.King终于成为了全美公认的布鲁斯音乐家。然而这次成功却给King的婚姻带来了危机：一对没有孩子的夫妻要么一同走上巡回演出的行程，要么分居两地。在巡回演出的途中，King收到了Masha在离婚协议上签字的消息。这虽然给了King一个打击，但却让他写出了《Woke Up this moming》（今早醒来）的灵感。这首歌是继《Three O'Clock Blues》之后的第二支大热门曲子。经过8年的婚姻生活，King与Masha终于在1952年宣布离婚。

50年代是 King 在节奏与布鲁斯领域缔造地位的时期。在那段时间，他录制了20 首上榜作品，如《You Know I Love You》（你知道我爱你）（1952）、《Woke up This Morning》（今晨醒来）（1953）、《Please Love Me》（请爱我）（1953）、《When My Heart Beats Like A Hammer》（当我心如锤般跳动）（1954）、《Whole Lotta'Love》（全部的爱）（1954）、《You Upset Me Baby》（宝贝你让我心烦）（1954）、《Every Day I Have the Blues》（每天我都有布鲁斯）（1955）、《Sneaking Around》（潜行）（1955）、《Ten Long Years》（漫长十年）（1955）、《Bad Luck》（厄运）（1956）、《Sweet Little Angel》（甜蜜小天使）（1956）、《On My Word Of Honor》（我荣誉之言）（1956）、《Please Accept My Love》（请接受我的爱）（1958）等。

1958年6月，King娶了他的第二任夫人--苏•霍尔（Sue Hall）。苏的母亲是印地亚诺拉Club Ebony（乌木俱乐部）的老板娘，B.B.King在那儿认识了比他小15岁的苏。他带着她跑了六个月，然后在洛杉矶买下房子，苏开始在那儿筑巢，但King却极少在家。就如第一次婚姻一样，B.B.King不断地巡回演出毁掉了这桩婚姻，他们于1966年离婚。而B.B.King的反应又是录制了他最红的一支歌：《The Thrill is Gone》（激情已逝）。对于音乐家来说，也许只有音乐本身才是他们永远的伴侣。

2004年7月3日晚，一场盛况空前的B.B.King蓝调音乐盛会在巴塞罗那的圣乔尔迪体育馆举行。年近80的“蓝调之王”B.B.King凭借其独特的小颤音、多变的唱法和丰富的表现力，彻底征服了全场的观众。

音乐会持续了五个小时，B.B.King为观众们深情演唱了《加勒多尼亚》（Caledonia）、《激情已逝》（TheThrillisGone）、《每天我都有BLUES》（EverydayIHavetheBlues）等他的多首经典歌曲。台下震耳欲聋的掌声和欢呼声此起彼伏，经久不息，狂热的歌迷们忘情地舞动着手中的荧光棒，一边唱一边高呼：“B.B.King,我们爱你！”

B.B.King的巴塞罗那专场在2004年7月2日、3日两天举行，成为当年巴塞罗那全球文化论坛的又一个亮点。这是B.B.King连续第13年举办他的“蓝调嘉年华”巡演，也是他第一次在美国之外进行专场巡演。

专辑

Don't Answer The Door发行时间：2013-4

Live / Fillmore East - New York, NY June 19, 1971发行时间：2012-4

Icon发行时间：2011-4

King Of The Blues: 1989发行时间：2010-1

One Kind Favor 发行时间：2008-8-26

B.B. King: Live 发行时间：2008-2-19

B.B. King & Friends-80 发行时间：2005-9-13

Night of Blistering Blues 发行时间：2005-8-15

Reflections 发行时间：2003-7-1

My Kind Of Blues 发行时间：2003-1-1

let the good time roll 发行时间：1999-10-1

Completely Well 发行时间：1998-4-21

How Blue Can You Get？发行时间：1996-6-18

Blues Summit 发行时间：1993-6-22

Life and career

Riley B. King (September 16, 1925 – May 14, 2015), known professionally as B.B. King, was an American blues singer, electric guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. King introduced a sophisticated style of soloing based on fluid string bending and shimmering vibrato that influenced many later electric blues guitarists.

King was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, and is considered one of the most influential blues musicians of all time, earning the nickname "The King of the Blues", and one of the "Three Kings of the Blues Guitar" along with Albert King and Freddie King. King was known for performing tirelessly throughout his musical career, appearing at more than 200 concerts per year on average into his 70s. In 1956, he reportedly appeared at 342 shows.

King died at the age of 89 in Las Vegas, Nevada, on May 14, 2015, from congestive heart failure and diabetic complications.

Riley B. King was born on September 16, 1925, on a cotton plantation called Berclair, near the town of Itta Bena, Mississippi, the son of sharecroppers Albert and Nora Ella King. He considered the nearby city of Indianola, Mississippi to be his home. When Riley was four years old, his mother left his father for another man, so the boy was raised by his maternal grandmother, Elnora Farr, in Kilmichael, Mississippi.

In 1949, King began recording songs under contract with Los Angeles-based RPM Records. Many of King's early recordings were produced by Sam Phillips, who later founded Sun Records. Before his RPM contract, King had debuted on Bullet Records by issuing the single "Miss Martha King" (1949), which did not chart well. "My very first recordings in 1949 were for a company out of Nashville called Bullet, the Bullet Record Transcription company," King recalled. "I had horns that very first session. I had Phineas Newborn on piano; his father played drums, and his brother, Calvin, played guitar with me. I had Tuff Green on bass, Ben Branch on tenor sax, his brother, Thomas Branch, on trumpet, and a lady trombone player. The Newborn family were the house band at the famous Plantation Inn in West Memphis."

King assembled his own band; the B.B. King Review, under the leadership of Millard Lee. The band initially consisted of Calvin Owens and Kenneth Sands (trumpet), Lawrence Burdin (alto saxophone), George Coleman (tenor saxophone),Floyd Newman (baritone saxophone), Millard Lee (piano), George Joyner (bass) and Earl Forest and Ted Curry (drums). Onzie Horne was a trained musician elicited as an arranger to assist King with his compositions. By his own admission, King could not play chords well and always relied on improvisation.

King's recording contract was followed by tours across the United States, with performances in major theaters in cities such as Washington, D.C., Chicago, Los Angeles, Detroit, and St. Louis, as well as numerous gigs in small clubs and juke joints of the southern United States. During one show in Twist, Arkansas, a brawl broke out between two men and caused a fire. He evacuated along with the rest of the crowd but went back to retrieve his guitar. He said he later found out that the two men were fighting over a woman named Lucille. He named the guitar Lucille, as a reminder not to fight over women or run into any more burning buildings.

Following his first ‘Billboard’ Rhythm and Blues chart number one, "3 O'Clock Blues" (February 1952), B.B. King became one of the most important names in R&B music in the 1950s, amassing an impressive list of hits including "You Know I Love You", "Woke Up This Morning", "Please Love Me", "When My Heart Beats like a Hammer", "Whole Lotta Love", "You Upset Me Baby", "Every Day I Have the Blues", "Sneakin' Around", "Ten Long Years", "Bad Luck", "Sweet Little Angel", "On My Word of Honor", and "Please Accept My Love". This led to a significant increase in his weekly earnings, from about $85 to $2,500, with appearances at major venues such as the Howard Theater in Washington and the Apollo in New York, as well as touring the entire "Chitlin' circuit". 1956 became a record-breaking year, with 342 concerts booked and three recording sessions.That same year he founded his own record label, Blues Boys Kingdom, with headquarters at Beale Street in Memphis. There, among other projects, he produced artists such as Millard Lee and Levi Seabury. In 1962, King signed to ABC-Paramount Records, which was later absorbed into MCA Records, and which itself was later absorbed into Geffen Records. In November 1964, King recorded the ‘Live at the Regal’ album at the Regal Theater. King later said that ‘Regal Live’ "is considered by some the best recording I've ever had . . . that particular day in Chicago everything came together . . ."

From the late 1960s, new manager Sid Seidenberg pushed King into a different type of venue as blues-rock performers like Clapton and Paul Butterfield were popularizing an appreciation of blues music among white audiences.

King gained further visibility among rock audiences as an opening act on the ‘Rolling Stones' 1969 American Tour. He won a 1970 Grammy Award for the song "The Thrill Is Gone"; his version became a hit on both the pop and R&B charts. It also gained the number 183 spot in ‘Rolling Stone’ magazine's ‘500 Greatest Songs of All Time’.

King was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, and the Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2014. In 2004, he was awarded the international Polar Music Prize, given to artists "in recognition of exceptional achievements in the creation and advancement of music."

From the 1980s to his death in 2015, he maintained a highly visible and active career, appearing on numerous television shows and performing 300 nights a year. In 1988, King reached a new generation of fans with the single "When Love Comes to Town", a collaborative effort between King and the Irish band U2 on their ‘Rattle and Hum’ album.In December 1997, he performed in the Vatican's fifth annual Christmas concert and presented his trademark guitar "Lucille" to Pope John Paul II. In 1998, he appeared in ‘The Blues Brothers 2000’, playing the part of the lead singer of the Louisiana Gator Boys, along with Eric Clapton, Dr. John, Koko Taylor and Bo Diddley. In 2000, he and Clapton teamed up again to record ‘Riding With the King’, which won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album.

Discussing where he took the Blues, from "dirt floor, smoke in the air" joints to grand concert halls, King said the Blues belonged everywhere beautiful music belonged. He successfully worked both sides of the commercial divide, with sophisticated recordings and "raw, raucous" live performance.

In 2006, King went on a "farewell" world tour, although he remained active afterward during the last years of his life. The tour was partly supported by Northern Irish guitarist Gary Moore, with whom King had previously toured and recorded, including the song "Since I Met You Baby". It started in the United Kingdom, and continued with performances in the Montreux Jazz Festival and in Zürich at the Blues at Sunset. During his show in Montreux at the Stravinski Hall he jammed with Joe Sample, Randy Crawford, David Sanborn, Gladys Knight, Leela James, Andre Beeka, Earl Thomas, Stanley Clarke, John McLaughlin, Barbara Hendricks and George Duke.

In June 2006, King was present at a memorial of his first radio broadcast at the Three Deuces Building in Greenwood, Mississippi, where an official marker of the Mississippi Blues Trail was erected. The same month, a groundbreaking was held for a new museum, dedicated to King,in Indianola, Mississippi. The B.B. King Museum and Delta Interpretive Center opened on September 13, 2008.

In late October 2006, King recorded a concert album and video entitled ‘B.B. King: Live’ at his B.B. King Blues Clubs in Nashville and Memphis. The four-night production featured his regular B.B. King Blues Band and captured his show as he performed it nightly around the world. Released in 2008, it was his first live performance recording in over a decade.

In 2007, King played at Eric Clapton's second Crossroads Guitar Festival and contributed the songs "Goin' Home", to ‘Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino’ (with Ivan Neville's DumpstaPhunk)and "One Shoe Blues" to Sandra Boynton's children's album Blue Moo, accompanied by a pair of sock puppets in a music video for the song.

In the summer of 2008, King played at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee, where he was given a key to the city.Also in 2008, he was inducted into the Hollywood Bowl Hall of Fame.

King performed at the Mawazine festival in Rabat, Morocco, on May 27, 2010. In June 2010, King performed at the Crossroads Guitar Festival with Robert Cray, Jimmie Vaughan, and Eric Clapton. He also contributed to Cyndi Lauper's album ‘Memphis Blues’, which was released on June 22, 2010.

In 2011, King played at the Glastonbury Music Festival, and in the Royal Albert Hall in London, where he recorded a concert video.

‘Rolling Stone’ ranked King at No. 6 on its 2011 list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.

On February 21, 2012, King was among the performers of "In Performance at the White House: Red, White and Blues", during which President Barack Obama sang part of "Sweet Home Chicago". King recorded for the debut album of rapper and producer Big K.R.I.T., who also hails from Mississippi. On July 5, 2012, King performed a concert at the Byblos International Festival in Lebanon.

On May 26, 2013, King appeared at the New Orleans Jazz Festival.

On October 3, 2014, not feeling well enough, King had to stop his live performance at the House of Blues in Chicago, Illinois. A doctor diagnosed King with dehydration and exhaustion, and the eight remaining shows of his ongoing tour had to be cancelled. King didn't schedule any additional shows for the remainder of the year.

He died in his sleep on May 14, 2015, at the age of 89.

B.B. King　B.B.金

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B.B. King B.B.金

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B.B. King　B.B.金