Richard Wagner 理查德·瓦格纳
- 风格
- #浪漫主义 #歌剧
- 地区
- Germany 德国
艺人介绍
威廉·理查德·瓦格纳（Wilhelm Richard Wagner，1813年5月22日－1883年2月13日），德国作曲家。他是德国歌剧史上一位举足轻重的人物。前面承接莫扎特、贝多芬的歌剧传统，后面开启了后浪漫主义歌剧作曲潮流，理查德·施特劳斯紧随其后。同时，因为他在政治、宗教方面思想的复杂性，成为欧洲音乐史上最具争议的人物。
瓦格纳是个可怕的人物。他是个谎言家，骗子，夺人妻者，败家子，背叛朋友的人。他反犹太主义，反天主教，敌视法国。他既不道德又不名誉。音乐界最不讨人喜欢的人。当然，他同时也是一名不可思议的音乐天才。喜欢瓦格纳这个人是不可能的，但否认他的才华几乎也同样是不可能的。专家们几乎一致同意，他有一个足以弥补一切的重要特点：相信自己以及自己将创造的音乐，无论存在着怎样的崎岖和障碍，也不管他人的意见或反对。
如果说浪漫主义的关键部分是唯情论，那么瓦格纳可以为证。如果是实验论，瓦格纳可以为证。如果是对传说和神话的关注，他亦可为证。如果是音色，他仍然可以为证。对于那些崇尚旋律的人们，瓦格纳在他的歌剧中提供了：“无止尽的旋律”。但是，不同于受人声主宰的传统意大利歌剧，在瓦格纳的乐剧中占主导地位的是管弦乐，正是它，唤起过去，预视未来，并统治着情节和角色。
瓦格纳出生于莱比锡，从小接受了完善的音乐训练，对音乐和戏剧十分感兴趣，后在莱比锡大学学习作曲，中途退学，受聘为维尔兹歌剧院的合唱指挥。其一生致力于歌剧创作，对德国歌剧的发展做出了很大的贡献。
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, &music dramas&). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk (&total work of art&), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama, and which was announced in a series of essays between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).
His compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex textures, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs—musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements. His advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres, greatly influenced the development of classical music. His Tristan und Isolde is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music.
Wagner had his own opera house built, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which embodied many novel design features. It was here that the Ring and Parsifal received their premieres and where his most important stage works continue to be performed in an annual festival run by his descendants. His thoughts on the relative contributions of music and drama in opera were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional forms into his last few stage works, including Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg).
Until his final years, Wagner's life was characterised by political exile, turbulent love affairs, poverty and repeated flight from his creditors. His controversial writings on music, drama and politics have attracted extensive comment in recent decades, especially where they express antisemitic sentiments. The effect of his ideas can be traced in many of the arts throughout the 20th century; their influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre.
热门评论
- @三百：尼采的真爱！
- @XDR：我不能听太多瓦格纳，不然会有想入侵波兰的冲动。——伍迪艾伦
- @A/C门洞：“指环”之旅——瓦格纳传奇 半岁丧父，自学成才，善于交友，喜爱韦伯与贝多芬。（贝多芬是集古典之大成者，韦伯创作了《自由射手》，是浪漫派歌剧的先驱者。）喜爱改革、参加**、提倡素食、情路坎坷、褒贬不一。 慕尼黑是德国南部最瑰丽的宫廷文化中心，路德维希二世与法国波旁王朝的路易二世并称“月亮王”与“太阳王”。正是这位“月亮王”对于歌剧艺术的爱好，改变了瓦格纳的人生轨迹。 不仅冯•彪罗崇拜瓦格纳，冯•彪罗的老婆也崇拜瓦格纳，最后冯•彪罗的老婆就变成了瓦格纳的老婆。冯•彪罗的老婆是谁？是李斯特的女儿。
- @刘聪聪：致瓦格纳 作者:尼采 你不安的渴望自由的灵魂， 对任何锁链都不能容忍， 不断得胜却倍受束缚， 越来越厌倦却更加贪心不足， 直到你把每种香膏的毒汁吸吮—— 可悲呵！连你也在十字架旁下沉， 连你！连你——也终于被征服！ 我面对这一幕剧伫立良久， 这里有监狱，有悲伤、怨恨和墓穴， 还有教堂的香烟在其间缭绕， 我感到陌生、恐怖而烦忧， 跳起来扔掉傻瓜的便帽， 疾步逃走！
- @黄金体验：德国赵本山
最新简评（共138条）
- @总在灵魂深处藏了一些喜悲(行到水穷我才开始害怕，夕...)：-
- @铸节(虾米音乐亡了。)：作为贞节之信徒的瓦格纳 这是德国的吗？ 这紧张的尖叫出自德国的心脏？ 这自我摧残发生在德国的躯体上？ 是德国的吗，这牧师摊开的手掌？ 这香烟缭绕的官能激荡？ 是德国的吗，这坠落、停顿、踉跄？ 这甜蜜的叮当摇晃？ 这修女的偷窥，这弥撒的敲钟， 这整个误人迷醉的天堂和超天堂？…… 这是德国的吗？ 留神！你们还站在小门旁…… 因为你们听见的是罗马——不见文字的罗马信仰！
- @大喵(不要自我设限.....)：
- @未知生物：
- @Geworfenheit(购买诗集《落日飞奔术》电...)：罗大佑就是中国的瓦格纳
- @柒( )：endless melody
- @錳鎷君(Eine kosmisc...)：
- @铸节(虾米音乐亡了。)：瓦格纳何许人也？神人也！
- @trueway(喜迎贝多芬诞辰250周年...)：音乐界的桂冠诗人，戏剧界的奥菲欧！
- @莫肖貝(悠然心会，妙处难与君说)：因富氏愛上了瓦格納