Peter Maag 彼得·马格
- 风格
- #协奏曲 #管弦乐 #交响乐 #西方古典 #交响曲
- 地区
- Switzerland 瑞士
艺人介绍
彼得·马格（Peter Maag，1919-2001）：瑞士指挥家，1919年5月10日出生在瑞士圣加伦。父亲是位高级教士，母亲担任过Capet四重奏团的第二小提琴手，舅舅则是大名鼎鼎的指挥家斯坦巴赫（Fritz Steinbach）。马格大学时主修的是神学和哲学。后来跟随Czeslaw Marek学习钢琴和音乐理论。
与福特·文格勒的交往是马格走上指挥道路非常重要的一步。当时，马格在一场音乐会上演奏贝多芬的第四号钢琴协奏曲，而担任指挥的就是福特·文格勒。马格后来回忆，音乐会后福特·文格勒对他说，“为什么不尝试一下指挥呢？我注意到你演奏时总是盯着乐团，而不是你的键盘。事实上，是你决定了他们应该在什么时候进入。”接受了福特·文格勒的建议，马格开始筹划他的指挥生涯，1943年，马格成为瑞士Biol-Solothum歌剧院的指挥，后来又到罗曼德交响乐团担任安塞美的指挥助理，并跟随安塞美继续深造。
Peter Maag (Ernst Peter Johannes Maag) (10 May 1919 – 16 April 2001) was a Swiss conductor.
He was born on 10 May 1919 in St. Gallen, Switzerland and died on 16 April 2001 in Verona, Italy.
His father, Otto, was a Lutheran minister, and his mother, Nelly, a violinist who performed in the Capet Quartet as second violinist. His great uncles were conductors Emil and Fritz Steinbach. Peter attended the universities of Zürich, Basel, and Geneva. He was mentored by Karl Barth and Emil Brunner in theology, and Karl Jaspers in philosophy. He studied piano and theory with Czesław Marek in Zürich and received further training on piano with Alfred Cortot in Paris. His conducting mentors were Ernest Ansermet, Wilhelm Furtwängler, and Franz von Hoesslin.
Association with Furtwängler
He described his association with Wilhelm Furtwängler to be the most important in his life. He performed as pianist in a Furtwängler concert with Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major. As recounted by Maag, Furtwängler told him: “"Why don't you try to conduct? I have observed you while you were playing the concert tonight, staring at the orchestra more than at the keyboard. It was more you than me that have given the entry”. He followed Furtwängler advice to start out at a small theatre. His new career began as répétiteur and then director at the Swiss Theater Biel-Solothurn from 1943 to 1946. After the first season at Biel-Solothurn, he served as an assistant to Furtwängler prior to the opening of his second season there. After Biel-Solothurn, he became Ernest Ansermet's assistant with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.
Conductor
Maag was first conductor at the Düsseldorf Opera from 1952 to 1955, and then Generalmusikdirektor of the Bonn City Theater from 1955 to 1959. His first appearance at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden was in 1959, with Mozart's Die Zauberflöte. In the same year he made his debut at the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro. His U.S. debut was as guest conductor in 1959 of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, and he made his U.S. opera debut in 1961 at the Lyric Theatre in Chicago with Mozart’s Così fan tutte.
Religious retreat
In 1962, Maag temporarily abandoned his musical career. Believing he was losing touch with music and theology, he sought guidance first from the Greek Orthodox Church and then planned to spend a few months at a Buddhist monastery near Hong Kong. "I decided it was time to retire because I was having too much success," Maag said. The planned "few months" grew to over two years. “Those two years spent meditating and praying in a small cell purified my soul." Maag’s retreat proved to be a detriment to his career when he returned to the world of conducting.
Return to conducting
Maag was the chief conductor of the Vienna Volksoper from 1964 to 1968. His Metropolitan Opera debut was made on 23 September 1972 with Mozart's Don Giovanni. He became artistic director of the Teatro Regio di Parma in 1972 and of the Teatro Regio in Turin in 1974. He held posts at the RAI Symphony Orchestra, Turin and the Orquesta Nacional de España. He was the music director of the Berner Symphonie-Orchester from 1984 to 1991. He served as the principal conductor of the Orchestra di Padova e del Veneto from 1983 to 2001. He was also a frequent guest conductor with orchestras and opera houses worldwide.
Recordings
He began recording for Decca Records in October 1950 with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande. These monaural recordings included Mozart's Symphony No. 29 and Symphony No. 34 and Serenade No. 9 "Posthorn".
Maag's early stereophonic sound recordings for Decca were well received, and many have remained in the catalogs for decades. The original LPs, particularly with the London Symphony Orchestra, have become collector's items. He began recording with the London Symphony Orchestra in February 1957. This included a series of Mendelssohn and Mozart works, and the Schumann Piano Concerto. Maag’s favorite recordings came from this association: Mozart’s Symphony No. 29 and Symphony No. 34. His recording from this period of Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 3 (the "Scottish" symphony) was widely admired, and Maag came to be particularly associated with the piece.
Maag also recorded two LPs with the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire in November 1958 with works of Chopin, Delibes, and Rossini.
For Decca he also recorded Verdi's Luisa Miller with the National Philharmonic Orchestra in June 1975 and Paer's Leonora with the Bavarian Symphony Orchestra (likely the Bavarian State Orchestra) in June and July 1978.
Other labels he recorded for include Arts, Conifer, Deutsche Grammophon, MCA Records, Naxos Records, Nuova Era, RCA Red Seal Records, and Vox Records.
Personal life
Maag's first wife was Jasmina Božin, a stage designer from Bosnia-Herzegowina. Maag was survived by his second wife, Marica Franchi (Marika); a son Georg, a writer of children's books, and a daughter Costanza, from his second wife.
Awards
※ Toscanini Medal (1968)
※ Verdi Medal (1973)
※ Toscanini Presentation Baton (1975)
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