Arthur Rubinstein

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风格: #室内乐　#重奏　#协奏曲　#键盘音乐　#独奏　#西方古典　#奏鸣曲
地区: United States of America 美国

艺人介绍

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中文名阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦

外文名 Arthur Rubinstein

国籍波兰

出生地波兰罗兹

出生日期 1887年

逝世日期 1982年

职业艺术钢琴家

主要成就十九世纪钢琴巨人的代表人物之一

艺人资料

阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦（波兰语：Artur Rubinstein，英语：Arthur Rubinstein；1887~1982）美籍波兰裔犹太人，著名钢琴演奏家。1887年1月28日生于波兰罗兹，1982年12月20日卒于日内瓦。5岁登台演奏。后到柏林，经J.约阿希姆推荐，从K.H.巴尔特学钢琴，从R.卡恩和M.布鲁赫学理论。11岁在柏林由约阿奇姆指挥演奏W.A.莫扎特的钢琴协奏曲。后到俄国、波兰等地旅行演奏，获得热烈赞誉。

在大众的眼光中，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦以演奏肖邦音乐最被认同，这归因于他有着和作曲家相同的国籍及广泛的录音。然而他的音乐特质中最重要的要素之一，是对于常备曲目的全然掌握从改编的巴哈、莫扎特和贝多芬，到所有浪漫时期作曲家，以及许多重要的二十世纪作曲家。阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦的偏好似乎是没有限界的，他为自己的独奏会和录音所选取的独奏作品显示了他鉴赏家的品味能力。宛如要展现他音乐品味的广度一样地，他在1961年秋天为纽约的听众举办了一系列共十场的独奏会，一首也没有重复地总共演奏了八十九阙作品（包括安可曲）。历史上许多其它钢琴家地做了类似的尝试，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦是独一无二的。为了拓增曲目并加强技巧训练，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦自1932年起淡出舞台数年，1939年迁居美国，1946年成为美国公民。二次世界大战后，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦开始在世界各地演出，但是德国除外。终其一生，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦再也没有踏上德国土地。1961年10月到12日，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦在卡内基音乐厅举办一系列马拉松式音乐会，他在这几场演出中弹奏了九十首、七十位作曲家（从巴哈到史特拉汶斯基）的作品。

1904年在巴黎和拉威尔会面，1906年在卡内基厅举行美国首演。1912年造访伦敦，并和易沙意共同演出多场1916-1917年在西班牙和南美洲巡回。1932年起数年间，为了扩展演出曲目并磨练技巧，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦暂别舞台生涯。1939年移民美国，前于1946年成为美国公民。战后他在世界各地巡回演出，但却从不履足于德国土地之上。1961年十月到十二月间，他在卡内基厅演出一连串马拉松式的音乐会，演奏曲目自巴哈到史特拉汶斯基，遍及70名作曲家的90首作品。1976年六月十曰，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦以89之龄，在伦敦的维格摩尔厅举行告别演奏会。丰富的唱片录音与影片保存其独树一格的琴艺。他在钢琴史上的地位无疑可列入十九世纪末的巨人之一。

从第一次在柏林登台（1900年12月1日）到伦敦的告别音乐会（1976年5月31日），阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦让本世纪钢琴乐坛为之着迷。这位弹起琴来不慌不忙的矮胖男人身上有欧洲波西米亚人白发、宽下巴的外表及神似犹太人的侧影（毕加索把他的神韵抓得恰如其分），挺直的背部往前微倾他由黑檀木与象牙所构筑的王国。他的左腿在琴凳下曲弯成相当优雅的角度，右腿则放在乐器的“灵魂”上。他和阿劳都是音乐舞台上的绅士，都是举止优雅的大师。有些钢琴家以个人化的风格横扫键盘，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦却只是弹奏钢琴；有些钢琴家很勉强或如预期中的把乐曲推向高潮，阿图尔•鲁宾斯坦却只是持绩不断地在琴键上演奏，他让音乐里的每一刻都更加悦耳、更有说服力。他的触键坚实，音符正确无误，不论是热情或抒情的乐句都不至于过分夸大。他的音乐是典型的优雅风格，他的生命因研究与体验音乐而丰富。有人只专精于某些乐曲，他的曲目包罗万象。

Life and career

Arthur Rubinstein (January 28, 1887 – December 20, 1982) was a Polish American classical pianist. He received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers and many regard him as the greatest Chopin interpreter of his time.He was described by ‘The New York Times’ as one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century.He played in public for eight decades.

Rubinstein was born in Łódź, Congress Poland (part of the Russian Empire for the entire time Rubinstein resided there) on January 28, 1887, to a Jewish family. He was the youngest of seven children of Felicja Blima Fajga (née Heiman) and Izaak Rubinstein. His father owned a small textile factory.

At the age of two, Rubinstein demonstrated perfect pitch and a fascination with the piano, watching his elder sister's piano lessons. By the age of four, he was recognised as a child prodigy. His father had a predilection for the violin and offered Rubinstein a violin; but Rubinstein rejected it because he thought his instinct was for harmony and polyphony. The Hungarian violinist Joseph Joachim, on hearing the four-year-old child play, was greatly impressed, telling Arthur's family, "This boy may become a very great musician—he certainly has the talent for it... When the time comes for serious study, bring him to me, and I shall be glad to supervise his artistic education." On December 14, 1894, seven-year-old Arthur Rubinstein had his debut with pieces by Mozart, Schubert and Mendelssohn.

At the age of ten, Rubinstein moved to Berlin to continue his studies, and gave his first performance with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1900, at the age of 13.Joseph Joachim recommended Karl Heinrich Barth as the boy's piano teacher. As a student of Barth, Rubinstein inherited a renowned pedagogical lineage: Barth was himself a pupil of Liszt, who had been taught by Czerny, who had in turn been a pupil of Beethoven.

In 1904, Rubinstein moved to Paris to launch his career in earnest, where he met the composers Maurice Ravel and Paul Dukas and the violinist Jacques Thibaud. He also played Camille Saint-Saëns' Piano Concerto No. 2 in the presence of the composer. Through the family of Juliusz Wertheim (to whose understanding of Chopin's genius Rubinstein attributed his own inspiration in the works of that composer) he formed friendships with the violinist Paul Kochanski and composer Karol Szymanowski.

Rubinstein made his New York debut at Carnegie Hall in 1906, and thereafter toured the United States, Austria, Italy, and Russia. According to his own testimony and that of his son in François Reichenbach's film ‘L'Amour de la vie’ (1969), he was not well received in the United States. By 1908, Rubinstein, destitute and desperate, hounded by creditors, and threatened with being evicted from his Berlin hotel room, made a failed attempt to hang himself. Subsequently he said that he felt "reborn" and endowed with an unconditional love of life. In 1912, he made his London debut, and found a home there in the Edith Grove, Chelsea, musical salon of Paul and Muriel Draper, in company with Kochanski, Igor Stravinsky, Jacques Thibaud, Pablo Casals, Pierre Monteux and others.

During World War I, Rubinstein stayed in London, giving recitals and accompanying the violinist Eugène Ysaÿe. In 1916 and 1917, he made his first tours in Spain and South America where he was wildly acclaimed. It was during those tours that he developed a lifelong enthusiasm for the music of Enrique Granados, Isaac Albéniz, Manuel de Falla, and Heitor Villa-Lobos. He was the dedicatee of Villa-Lobos's ‘Rudepoêma’ and Stravinsky's ‘Trois mouvements de Petrouchka’.

Rubinstein was disgusted by Germany's conduct during the war and never played there again. His last performance in Germany was in 1914.

In the autumn of 1919 Rubinstein toured the British provinces with soprano Emma Calvé and tenor Vladimir Rosing.

In 1921 Rubinstein gave two American tours, travelling to New York with Karol Szymanowski and his close friend Paul Kochanski.

In 1934, the pianist, who stated he neglected his technique in his early years, relying instead on natural talent, withdrew from concert life for several months of intensive study and practice.

Rubinstein toured the United States again in 1937, his career becoming centered there during the World War II years when he lived in Brentwood, California. He became a naturalized US citizen in 1946.

During his time in California, Rubinstein provided the piano soundtrack for several films, including ‘Song of Love’ with Katharine Hepburn. He appeared, as himself, in the films ‘Carnegie Hall’ and ‘Of Men and Music’.

Although best known as a recitalist and concerto soloist, Rubinstein was also considered an outstanding chamber musician, partnering with such luminaries as Henryk Szeryng, Jascha Heifetz, Pablo Casals, Gregor Piatigorsky and the Guarneri Quartet. Rubinstein recorded much of the core piano repertoire, particularly that of the Romantic composers. At the time of his death, ‘The New York Times’ in describing him wrote, "Chopin was his specialty ... it was as a Chopinist that he was considered by many without peer." With the exception of the Études, he recorded most of the works of Chopin. In 1964, at the height of the Cold War, he gave a legendary concert in Moscow, with a pure Chopin program. He was one of the earliest champions of Spanish and South American composers, as well as French composers of the early 20th century (such as Debussy and Ravel). In addition, Rubinstein promoted the music of his compatriot Karol Szymanowski. Rubinstein, in conversation with Alexander Scriabin, named Brahms as his favorite composer, a response that enraged Scriabin.

In 1969 ‘Arthur Rubinstein – The Love of Life’ was released; it won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. A TV special, ‘Rubinstein at 90’, represented that he had been playing for people for eight decades.

By the mid-1970s, Rubinstein's eyesight had begun to deteriorate. He retired from the stage at age 89 in May 1976, giving his last concert at London's Wigmore Hall, where he had first played nearly 70 years before.

Rubinstein, who was fluent in eight languages, held much of the repertoire, not simply that of the piano, in his formidable memory. According to his memoirs, he learned César Franck's ‘Symphonic Variations’ while on a train en route to the concert, without the benefit of a piano, practicing passages in his lap. Rubinstein described his memory as photographic, to the extent that he would visualize an errant coffee stain while recalling a score.

Rubinstein's autobiography contained two volumes: ‘My Young Years’ (1973); and ‘My Many Years’ (1980). Many were displeased by their emphasis on personal anecdotes over music. Pianist Emanuel Ax, one of Rubinstein's greatest admirers, was profoundly disappointed by reading ‘My Many Years’: "Until then," he told Sachs, "I had idolized Rubinstein—I had wanted to have a life like his, the book changed all that."

In a reflective muse, Rubinstein once noted "It is simply my life, music. I live it, breathe it, talk with it. I am almost unconscious of it. No, I do not mean I take it for granted--one should never take for granted any of the gifts of God. But it is like an arm, a leg, part of me. On the other hand, books and paintings and languages and people are passions with me, always to be cultivated. Travel too. I am a lucky man to have a business which allows me to be on the road so much. On the train, the plane, I have time to read. There again, I am a lucky man to be a pianist. A splendid instrument, the piano, just the right size so that you cannot take it with you. Instead of practicing, I can read. A fortunate fellow, am I not?"

Rubinstein died at his Geneva home in 1982,at the age of 95.

Arthur Rubinstein　Artur Rubinstein / 阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦

艺人介绍

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Arthur Rubinstein Artur Rubinstein / 阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦

艺人介绍

热门评论

最新简评（共457条）

Arthur Rubinstein　Artur Rubinstein / 阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦